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Sains Malaysiana 54(5)(2025): 1305-1318
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5405-09
Effect
of Elevated Temperature on the Growth, Physiological, and Yield-Related Traits
of Commercial Rice in Malaysia
(Kesan Suhu Tinggi ke atas Pertumbuhan, Fisiologi dan Sifat Berkaitan Hasil Padi Komersial di Malaysia)
GOMATHY SETHURAMAN1,
NORMANIZA OSMAN1, ACGA CHENG1, WICKNESWARI RATNAM2,
MOHD RAZI ISMAIL3 & NURUL AMALINA MOHD ZAIN1,*
1Institute of Biological Sciences,
Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
2Nomatech Sdn Bhd, TGB-01, Block B, UKM-MTDC Technology Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43650 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
3Faculty of Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
Received: 30 July 2024/Accepted: 7 February 2025
Abstract
Rising
temperatures from climate change threaten rice production, impacting
livelihoods, global food security, and the sustainability of feeding a growing
population. Unlike
most studies focusing on
specific growth stages, this study investigated the effects of 35 °C (T35) and 36 °C (T36) on the growth, physiological traits across
all growth stages and yield-related traits of four Malaysian rice
varieties - Sempadan 303 (S303), Sebernas 307 (S307), UKMRC02 (RC02), and UKMC09 (RC09) – compared to MR219, a high-yielding
variety. Elevated temperature observed significant differences in plant height
(PH), leaf area index (LAI), 100-filled grain weight (100GW), filled grain (FG), grain to leaf area
ratio (GToLAI), and several grain nutrients in rice
varieties. LAI correlated positively with PH (R2=0.723**) and
stomatal conductance (R2=0.672**). All varieties recorded higher
relative chlorophyll content at 126 days after sowing (DAS) surpassing values
at 90 DAS and were significantly higher in T36 for MR219 and S303 showing
adaptation to elevated temperature. The harvest index was higher in T36 across
all varieties, except RC02, which had a lower FG. All varieties showed no
significant difference in Mg, Al, and Si, although MR219 and RC09 had lower P
and K in T36. Ca was higher in T36 for all varieties except MR219. This
study highlights the varied growth, physiological, and yield-related responses
of Malaysian rice varieties to elevated temperatures, with MR219, S303, and
RC09 showing strong adaptation due to better stress-coping mechanisms such as
maintaining higher LAI, 100GW, HI, and Ca, while S307 and RC02 demonstrated
susceptibility.
Keywords: Climate
change; increased temperature; Malaysian rice; rice growth; rice yield
Abstrak
Peningkatan suhu akibat perubahan iklim mengancam pengeluaran padi, menjejaskan mata pencarian, keterjaminan makanan global dan kelestarian dalam menampung keperluan makanan bagi populasi yang kian meningkat. Berbeza dengan kebanyakan kajian yang memfokuskan peringkat pertumbuhan tertentu, penyelidikan ini mengkaji kesan suhu, 35 °C (T35) dan 36 °C (T36) ke atas morfo-fisologi bagi semua peringkat pertumbuhan dan parameter berkaitan hasil empat varieti padi Malaysia - Sempadan 303 (S303), Sebernas 307
(S307), UKMRC02 (RC02) dan UKMC09 (RC09) – berbanding varieti hasil tinggi MR219. Peningkatan suhu menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan pada ketinggian pokok (PH), indeks keluasan daun (LAI), berat 100 bijirin berisi (100GW), peratus bijirin berisi (FG), nisbah bijirin kepada LAI (GToLAI) dan beberapa nutrien bijirin dalam varieti padi.
LAI berkolerasi positif dengan PH (R2=0.723**) dan konduksian stomata (R2=0.672**). Semua varieti mencatatkan kandungan klorofil relatif yang lebih tinggi pada 126 hari selepas disemai (DAS) berbanding pada 90 DAS. Peningkatan ini ketara dalam T36 untuk MR219 dan S303, menunjukkan kemampuan adaptasi terhadap pengingkatan suhu. Semua varieti mencatat indeks hasil lebih tinggi dalam T36, kecuali RC02 yang mempunyai FG lebih rendah. Semua varieti tidak menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan kandungan Mg, Al dan
Si tetapi MR219 dan RC09 merekod kandungan P dan K lebih rendah dalam T36. Ca lebih tinggi dalam T36 untuk semua varieti kecuali MR219. Kajian ini menekankan pelbagai tindak balas pertumbuhan, hasil dan nutrien varieti padi Malaysia terhadap peningkatan suhu. MR219, S303 dan RC09 menunjukkan adaptasi yang baik melalui mekanisme penyesuaian dengan mengekalkan LAI, 100GW, HI, dan Ca yang lebih tinggi berbanding S307 dan
RC02 yang menunjukkan kerentanan.
Kata kunci: Hasil padi; kenaikan suhu; padi Malaysia; pertumbuhan pokok; perubahan iklim
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*Corresponding
author; email: amalina86@um.edu.my
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